Description
The Honolulu Board of Water Supply (BWS) is the municipal water utility for the island of Oahu, State of Hawaii, where over 90 percent of the potable water comes from aquifers. The BWS is exploring all available water supply options as part of its mission to ensure Oahu residents have the water resources needed today and in the future. Recycled water is one of these options. In 2000, the BWS launched a water recycling program through the purchase of the Honouliuli Water Reclamation Facility. This facility currently produces R1 water, the highest quality recycled water approved by the Hawaii Department of Health, that is irrigated on golf courses and median strips over brackish groundwater. Opportunities also exist for irrigating R1 water over the potable water aquifers in Central Oahu, but the possible impact on the aquifers is not known. To evaluate the possible impact, the BWS is conducting a scientific study to determine the level of constituent removal from R1 water through soil/aquifer treatment in Central Oahu. This study discusses four major steps that include: comparing the chemical and microbiological characteristics of recycled water and of other potential irrigation sources, and identifying constituents of concern; conducting field studies to determine the fate of those constituents as they pass through the top soil layer; performing laboratory soil-column studies and computer modeling to evaluate issues that can’t be practically evaluated in the field; and, recommendingappropriate levels of treatment and other water quality criteria to protect public health and the potable aquifer.
Product Details
- Edition:
- Vol. – No.
- Published:
- 06/16/2002
- Number of Pages:
- 3
- File Size:
- 1 file , 350 KB
- Note:
- This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus
